高应力下花岗岩抗剪强度参数特征试验研究

为促进深部矿产资源的安全高效开采,基于取自程潮铁矿西区-395m水平的主要围岩花岗岩的试件,通过伺服试验系统开展高应力下的常规三轴压缩强度试验,研究花岗岩的破坏、强度和参数特征。研究结果表明:1)随着围压的增加,花岗岩的破坏形式由剪切破坏逐渐向剪切劈裂复合型破坏转变,破坏形态由单一破坏断面逐渐转变为多破坏断面,破坏断裂角逐渐减小。2)花岗岩的三轴强度和抗剪强度与围压的关系在低围压下基本均呈线性,在高围压下则均呈上凸的非线性。3)花岗岩抗剪强度参数具有明显的围压效应特征,具体表现为凝聚力和内摩擦角随着围压的增加分别呈逐渐增大和减小的趋势。结合Hoek-Brown准则对瞬态抗剪强度参数的确定进行了初探,结果表明参数推导值的变化趋势符合参数试验规律,但推导值与试验值存在一定的差异,说明Hoek-Brown准则在表征高应力下岩石三轴强度的非线性上仍存在局限,有待进一步研究。     

Dihydrotanshinone,a Natural Diterpenoid,Preserves Blood-Retinal Barrier Integrity via P2X7 Receptor

Activation of P2X7 signaling, due to high glucose levels, leads to blood retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown, which is a hallmark of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Furthermore, several studies report that high glucose (HG) conditions and the related activation of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) lead to the over-expression of pro-inflammatory markers. In order to identify novel P2X7R antagonists, we carried out virtual screening on a focused compound dataset, including indole derivatives and natural compounds such as caffeic acid phenethyl ester derivatives, flavonoids, and diterpenoids. Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) rescoring and structural fingerprint clustering of docking poses from virtual screening highlighted that the diterpenoid dihydrotanshinone (DHTS) clustered with the well-known P2X7R antagonist JNJ47965567. A human-based in vitro BRB model made of retinal pericytes, astrocytes, and endothelial cells was used to assess the potential protective effect of DHTS against HG and 2′(3′)-O-(4-Benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5′-triphosphate (BzATP), a P2X7R agonist, insult. We found that HG/BzATP exposure generated BRB breakdown by enhancing barrier permeability (trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER)) and reducing the levels of ZO-1 and VE-cadherin junction proteins as well as of the Cx-43 mRNA expression levels. Furthermore, HG levels and P2X7R agonist treatment led to increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (TLR-4, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8) and other molecular markers (P2X7R, VEGF-A, and ICAM-1), along with enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. Treatment with DHTS preserved the BRB integrity from HG/BzATP damage. The protective effects of DHTS were also compared to the validated P2X7R antagonist, JNJ47965567. In conclusion, we provided new findings pointing out the therapeutic potential of DHTS, which is an inhibitor of P2X7R, in terms of preventing and/or counteracting the BRB dysfunctions elicited by HG conditions.     

组合形活塞销冷镦挤成形工艺

针对组合形活塞销结构特征和工艺要求,分析该零件的成形难点为:两端圆锥孔的挤压成形和深径比大于2. 5的中心圆孔反挤压。为此,应用DEFORM-2D有限元分析软件对组合形活塞销7工位冷镦挤成形工艺进行数值模拟分析。通过数值模拟分析和工艺方案修订,确定最终的成形工艺方案为:下料-整形-压凹-反挤压-冲孔-第1次挤锥-第2次挤锥,并采用硬质合金YG15制造反挤压凸模,以避免一次反挤压成形时凸模横截面变化处的折断。采用该方案进行工艺实验,实验结果表明:组合形活塞销尺寸满足零件设计要求,无折叠、开裂等锻造缺陷,深孔反挤压凸模使用寿命大于8万件。     

Fatigue strength evaluation of self-piercing riveted Al-5052 joints under different specimen configurations

In this study, static and fatigue tests were conducted using coach-peel, cross-tension and tensile–shear specimens with Al-5052 plates for evaluation of the fatigue strength of the SPR joints. For the coach-peel, cross-tension and tensile–shear geometries, the ratios of the fatigue endurance limit to static strength were 11%, 14% and 34%, respectively, assuming fatigue cycles of 10⁶ for an infinite lifetime. The equivalent stress intensity factor range can properly predict the current experimental fatigue lifetime. Fatigue crack initiation occurred due to fretting damage between the upper and lower sheets and between the rivet and these sheets.     

Human Anti-Oxidation Protein A1M—A Potential Kidney Protection Agent in Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has been in clinical use for 15 years to treat metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. PRRT is limited by reabsorption and retention of the administered radiolabeled somatostatin analogues in the proximal tubule. Consequently, it is essential to develop and employ methods to protect the kidneys during PRRT. Today, infusion of positively charged amino acids is the standard method of kidney protection. Other methods, such as administration of amifostine, are still under evaluation and show promising results. α₁-microglobulin (A1M) is a reductase and radical scavenging protein ubiquitously present in plasma and extravascular tissue. Human A1M has antioxidation properties and has been shown to prevent radiation-induced in vitro cell damage and protect non-irradiated surrounding cells. It has recently been shown in mice that exogenously infused A1M and the somatostatin analogue octreotide are co-localized in proximal tubules of the kidney after intravenous infusion. In this review we describe the current situation of kidney protection during PRRT, discuss the necessity and implications of more precise dosimetry and present A1M as a new, potential candidate for renal protection during PRRT and related targeted radionuclide therapies.     

A Constitutive Equation of Thermoelasticity for Solid Materials

A new constitutive equation of thermoelasticity for crystals is presented based on the interatomic potential and solid mechanics at finite temperature. Using the new constitutive equation, the calculations for crystal copper and graphene are carried out under different loading paths at different temperatures. The calculated results are in good agreement with those of the previous thermoelasticity constitutive equation based on quantum mechanics, which clearly indicates that our new constitutive equation of thermoelasticity is correct. A lot of comparisons also show that the present theory is more concise and efficient than the previous thermal stress theory in the practical application.     

Mechanism of dislocation channel-induced irradiation assisted stress corrosion crack initiation in austenitic stainless steel

The mechanism by which dislocation channeling induces irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking was determined using Fe–13Cr15Ni austenitic stainless steel irradiated with protons to a dose of 5 dpa and strained at high temperature in both argon and simulated boiling water reactor normal water chemistry environments. Straining induced dislocation channels that were characterized by digital image correlation and confocal microscopy. Dislocation channels were found to be either continuous across the boundary, discontinuous, or discontinuous with slip in the boundary. Discontinuous channels were found to contain the least amount of strain but have the highest propensity for initiating cracks. Discontinuous dislocation channel–grain boundary intersections were shown to have the highest local stress. TEM in-situ straining of irradiated steels and atomistic simulation of dislocation–grain boundary interaction provided supporting evidence that channels that were unable to transfer strain underwent cracking. The inability of channels to relieve stress, by either slip in the adjacent grain or in the grain boundary, resulted in high local stresses and increased susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking initiation.     

Experimental and numerical analysis of aluminum-aluminum bolted joints subject to an indentation process

The increasing interest of the industry (especially automotive, aviation and marine) in the fastener joints (riveted, bolted, etc.) between metallic materials, has re-opened the study on the possibility to improve the performance of the drilled structure using plastic deformation processes.Indentation process, performed before the drilling operation, creates circumferential compression stresses around the hole which increase significantly the mechanical performance of the drilled structures.In this paper, static and the fatigue performances of aluminum–aluminum (AW 6082-T6) single-lap bolted joints are studied. In particular, the study compares the mechanical strength of only drilled single-lap bolted joints (OD specimens) and single-lap bolted joints subject to an indentation process (IP specimens). In order to determine the cycles to failure and the corresponding Wöhler diagram, several fatigue tests are performed. The analyses allow to determine the mechanical performance and the failure mode of the analyzed joints.Several numerical analysis, conducted in ANSYS environment on three-dimensional models of the single-lap joint, are focused on the evaluation of the residual stress on the indented plate and, in particular, to compare the stress distribution on both type of analyzed joints.     

Neurological and Epigenetic Implications of Nutritional Deficiencies on Psychopathology: Conceptualization and Review of Evidence

In recent years, a role for epigenetic modifications in the pathophysiology of disease has received significant attention. Many studies are now beginning to explore the gene–environment interactions, which may mediate early-life exposure to risk factors, such as nutritional deficiencies and later development of behavioral problems in children and adults. In this paper, we review the current literature on the role of epigenetics in the development of psychopathology, with a specific focus on the potential for epigenetic modifications to link nutrition and brain development. We propose a conceptual framework whereby epigenetic modifications (e.g., DNA methylation) mediate the link between micro- and macro-nutrient deficiency early in life and brain dysfunction (e.g., structural aberration, neurotransmitter perturbation), which has been linked to development of behavior problems later on in life.